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A "smart person thinks" before acting, so thinking is something like "trialing". Animals, it is said, do not think, but "react" only, they act in the moment and "instinctively", but never according to plan ... really not?

So smart are our four-legged friends

 Our boxer Lulu had set up a collection of cardboard boxes, and whenever he thought of it, he set out, got a box, and proudly presented it to the amazed audience. His collection outside on the terrace had already suffered badly in the wind and weather. But he guarded her like his eyeball, and he did not tolerate any other dog snooping on it.

Status symbol cardboard box

One day the whole family was sitting on the terrace, the old Lulu asleep at the feet of the hostess. Then came Duki, the Hovawart youngster, took a box and proudly presented it to the pack. Out of deepest dreams, Lulu jumped up, and everyone stopped breathing ... But - "the old man" did not jump on "the sinner". He petrified, lingered for two seconds, three seconds, then turned off and disappeared into the house. And a little later we heard it rumble far away. The rumble came closer and closer. And there he stood: Lulu, the unbeatable. And he presented a box, which was not only brand new, which was so big that you hardly saw the dog behind it, so bulky, that the boxer could hold it up only with difficulty ... Duki but, the young pound, went and put silent and silently his cardboard back to the side ...

He knew exactly what he was doing

What was that? Everything just a reaction to here and now, without any imagination, every plan, every insight, every rehearsal in the head? It would have been so easy to chase away the carton to the young male, nor did the big young male submit to the smaller "old man". And for a second it looked as if Lulu would instinctively react the same way. But he did not attack. He left "sinner" and carton on, went out, through the house, down the basement stairs, through the basement, opened the heavy iron door to the lumber room, where I picked up "my" boxes, picked the largest one and steered it around every corner , up the narrow stairs again to the outside: "Look! My box is much nicer, much bigger than his! "

Dogs think and plan quite well

Since I witnessed this "action," I no longer believe that thinking, planning, insight are "purely human skills": Lulu MUST have "thought something" when he suddenly faced the rebellious young dog giant. He has a perception (the young male is cheeky, but also big) with a memory have linked (in the basement, there are much more impressive boxes). He must have had a plan (how to get it) and an idea (how you can impress much more with these boxes). And he must have come in the short seconds of trialing, thinking to the insight that a cumbersome, but targeted "counter-demonstration" in this case "smarter" than a quick but risky brawl with the now 20 kg heavier young male. And even Duki, who was his life rather an "instinct bundle" than an "intelligence beast" showed after this demonstration learning and insight: No, he did not simply imitate the "old man" and laid out his own cardboard collection. He lay down a collection of sticks and kept them ...

The fact is that animals can think

Since the American biologist D.R. Griffin 1984, "as animals think," has also become common among pure scientists to allow at least some (the "smarter") animals something like "cognitive abilities," a kind of mind-based cognition, learning, weighing, judging , Think. In the meantime, people even know what human beings recognize when dogs "think": on dogged behavior. The dog has something in front of it, gropes, stops, and then does something completely different ... Today, therefore, one no longer says: "Man is the only being that ...", one says: "There are great differences, but the are not fundamental, but only gradual. "And the biggest difference between man and dog, that is probably the typical human question:" Why? "Dog ad: Among the best dog products on OTTO.de can also from the, what your partner is doing, be surprised (because they expected something different). They can then shake their heads clearly about their partner, even criticize him "palpably" (because he behaves in their view "extremely stupid"). But, "Why?", They never ask ... Why? Because they accept us and our world - despite criticism from time to time - as we are. And that is probably also the secret of the ancient human dog relationship box: dogs talk, ask, criticize. But a justification, a justification for our behavior, they do not ask us to do so.
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Among the best dog products on OTTO.de, Canicross could be the ideal dog sport for you both.

Joint competition

The companion dog sport is much more than a pastime: it is the perfect elementary school for dog ads: the best dog products on OTTO.de. After all, the dog is only considered by our fellow human beings as an idea. The idea of ​​having runners and their dogs competing together comes from France. To prove the fitness and speed of dogs and their humans, in 1988 some veterinary students headed by Gilles Pernoud developed this booming sport. In the Canicross, the runners wear a waist belt and are connected by an elastic leash to their dog, which has a harness. The dog always runs in front of his two-legged partner and thus determines the speed. Instead of implementing his running pleasure in particular speed, he pulls his owner like a husky behind him. On foot, by bike and on skis There are three forms of canicross. At the Canicross race the dog handler runs behind the leashed dog. The average speed is around 16 km / h. When Bikejöring connects a 2.5 meter long rubber cord the dog indicator: directly to buy on Amazon with the Mountainbike.hmer companion felt when he is characterized by obedience and his environment does not bother. And that's exactly what a four-legged friend needs to do to pass the Companion Dog Exam.

The handler must support his pet

You could also use a city bike, but the suspension and the tire width are better adapted to the terrain on the mountain bike and therefore safer. The bikejöring is primarily about speed. The dog handler therefore tries to assist and relieve his dog as much as possible in all situations, so that he can run at his pace at average speeds of about 32 km / h. In winter skijöring, the skier follows on the skis his dog attached to the leash in the plane, or on gentle inclines in the skating step, with strong climbs in the fir step. Downhill he has to slow down, so that the dog always remains at the top. In the skijoring the teams reach average speeds of about 24 km / h.

Sport without performance classes

In Canicross and Jöringsport is not started according to performance classes as in other dog sports, where you have to work your way up from class to class. Differences only after sex and Canicross additionally after the age. By allowing beginners to complete a distance of one kilometer with their four-pawed sports mate, the offspring will also be promoted. In addition, you can usually choose between two different lengths, so that personal preferences or the state of training are taken into account.

These dog breeds are suitable

Quite normal (family) dogs indicator: Direct to buy on Amazon can participate as well as racing setters, but the harmony must be right. One of the dogs of Martina Schmid, one of the most successful Canicross runners, is, for example, a Cocker Spaniel, which harmonises excellently with her. With him, she has won several victories, along with her greyhounds, which are probably very fast, but almost not relieve the runner. However, as in other dog sports, Canicross shows a tendency to select dogs according to their genetic characteristics that suit the chosen sport.

Hounds are particularly talented

Just as Border Collies and similar types of dogs are particularly talented in agility sports, Canicross is increasingly producing the "hounds" as successful Canicross and Jöring dogs. Hounds may be German Shorthaired Pointers or English Pointers or deliberate crosses of these breeds with Greyhound and Alaskan Huskies. The aim of these crosses is to breed as passionate, fast, persevering and vigorous running animals with good Leithunde properties. Important dates The competition season for Canicross and Bikejöring is from April to the beginning of June or in September and October. Season highlight is the European Championship in October.

The author: For more than 20 years WOLF STEIGER has been actively involved in a wide variety of dog sport activities and has been following new trends and changes at close range. The Swiss has rich knowledge and practical experience also as a trainer, exercise and examination leader in the training and education of dogs. He is editor of the Swiss magazine HUNDE for the education, training and sports department as well as a freelancer for "Partner Hund".
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Turbidity, blinking, redness or tearing: diseases on the eye are usually obvious. It is then important to do something about it in good time before permanent damage occurs and the sight suffers.

Among the sensory organs, the eye occupies a special position: it helps to orient oneself in unfamiliar surroundings, shows exactly the direction in which food is to be found or from which imminent danger approaches. For this reason, all higher animals have varying degrees of well-sightedness. Birds of prey, for example, have developed it to the highest perfection: Eagles on prey flight recognize rodents from several kilometers up. Eyesight is also of great importance to our pets, even though other sophisticated senses such as the ear or nose have become more important. This can be seen most clearly in the cat advertisement: make your cat a pleasure, which, as you know only recently, can also see in color at night. As a classic predator, she is particularly dependent on her eyesight.

Quick action saves the eyesight of the animal

In principle, the eyes of the various pets have a similar structure: the light first passes through the thin cornea (cornea), the outermost boundary of the eye, then passes through the fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye and then hits the lens through the pupil. This focuses the light so that it falls through the transparent glass body on the fundus. Here is the photosensitive retina, which consists of rods and cones as in humans, but in a slightly different distribution. Twilight-active animals like the cat also have a kind of "residual light amplifier" built-in: a reflective layer behind the retina, which ensures that the light passes through the sensory cells twice. This is also the reason for the typical glow of the cat's eyes when they are illuminated at night. According to statistics, about every 15th patient in an average small animal clinic affects the eye. Since basically every single area of ​​the eye - from the cornea to the fundus of the eye - can be affected, there are many different eye diseases and correspondingly many treatment options. Even birds, rodents and rabbits are not immune to it. However, almost all diseases have in common that something must be done as quickly as possible in order not to permanently endanger the eyesight.

Watch for telltale signs

As a pet owner, you should therefore pay attention to typical signs of eye diseases: In conjunctivitis, for example, increased lacrimation or ocular secretion is sometimes the only sign, sometimes rubbing on the eye, light shyness and blinking added. These symptoms may also indicate a foreign body or corneal injury. Frequently, the cornea becomes cloudy at the injured site, and as the process continues, blood vessels also grow from the edge of the eye. The great advantage of such changes is that they are relatively easy to recognize as pathological even for the layman: Always look for redness, cloudiness, clearly visible blood vessels around the eye or in general, all differences in the appearance of both eyes: This is, apart of different pupil colors that occasionally occur, always an indication of disease. If the pet likes it, you should control the eye by grasping the head, holding the lower lid, and carefully pulling up the upper eyelid.

If changes occur, see the vet quickly

Ensure good lighting and pay attention to any irregularities. Then compare the two eyes. Occasionally the examination is made more difficult by the fact that the third eyelid pushes in front of the eye and obscures the view. If the eye is altered or injured, you should immediately consult a veterinarian, ideally with the additional name "Ophthalmology", which can help your pet. This also applies to all eye-related emergencies, be they foreign bodies, injuries, painful conditions or sudden blindness. What you should do in detail can be found in the box below.

The most common alarm signals

The most common signs of eye disease are easy to detect and should be used as an alarm signal: In conjunctivitis, the eye redness, secretion flow and pain, recognizable by rubbing,Light-shy and blinking. In the example on the right, the inflammation is particularly pronounced and has already led to swelling of the conjunctiva. Traces of blood in the eye can result from accidents, but also from inflammation or infection. If the iris is inflamed, it is usually slightly darker and reddish colored. The eye is very painful and the animal avoids the light. As a result, fibrin clots can form. Turbidity can occur both on the outside of the cornea and inside, especially in the lens. While the turbidity of the cornea is usually easy to treat, a cataract can hardly be undone. However, it can give indications of other diseases, for example diabetes mellitus. In a pathological increase in eye pressure, the "green star", the pupil is usually dilated, recognizable in comparison with the second eye or in that it does not narrow when exposed to light. Differences in the appearance of both eyes are always an indication of a disease. In case of sudden blindness, the animals refuse to go or encounter obstacles in unknown terrain. In addition to green cataracts, the cause can be hereditary damage to the retina. (Dr. med. Vet. Thomas Görblich)
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When a kitten comes into the house, a long-cherished dream is fulfilled for most people. For the cat's child, however, the separation from the mother, the siblings and the familiar environment is the biggest turning point in his life.

As nice as the new home may be - the kitten will feel stressed by the change. This stress, in combination with the immature immune system and the tender constitution of the juvenile, can lead to health problems.

Cat children are in immediate danger

It is very important that there is no change of food during the move. For the first few days, give the kittens only the usual diet and follow the feeding recommendations (time, amount, etc.) of the breeder. If you later want to change the kitten to another diet, go step by step, mixing the new food in increasing proportions under the old one. An abrupt change could lead to diarrhea, vomiting, and food denial. These digestive disorders are life-threatening in livestock, because they do not have enough energy reserves. In addition, the small bodies dry out quickly in case of fluid loss.

In addition to digestive problems, the kittens are extremely susceptible to infections of all kinds. Mostly the animals, when they are taken over by their new owner, have already been vaccinated against cat flu and cat disease for the first time. These vaccinations must be repeated within four weeks so that they can fully develop their protection. Depending on whether the cat indicator: Make her cat a joy later only live in the apartment or get clearance, further vaccinations against leukemia, FIP and rabies are recommended. The best way to get the pet doctor to create an individual vaccination plan for the kitten. Only when the primary immunization (includes two vaccinations at a maximum of four weeks) against the major diseases is completed, the young cat may go outside.

But against many infections, there are no vaccinations, and therefore you should pay particular attention to hygiene in the conversion phase. Never leave wet food in the bowl for more than half an hour, clean the food and drink containers at least once a day and then rinse with hot (preferably boiling water). You should not use harsh cleaners or disinfectants for this purpose and for house cleaning - as even delicate residues can be dangerous for sensitive kittens. Kittens are often attacked by parasites. Incidentally, such an infestation usually has nothing to do with poor hygiene. So there is no reason to blame the previous owner. Mostly, the kittens were infected with roundworms via the mother's milk.

To prevent the kitten from getting infected with its own worm eggs, worm cures should routinely be performed every two to three weeks until the fifth month of life. In any case, the kitten should be dewormed before each vaccination. An existing worm infestation can weaken the animal's immune system.

Well maintained and yet parasites

Ear mites can also be a "keepsake" to the mother. The tiny mites live in the ear canal of many adult cats. Display: Make your cat happy without causing any symptoms. While petting, the little beasts migrate from the mother cat to their offspring. In juveniles, the mites can cause ear infections with severe itching. Other mite diseases have become rare - but they occur just like fleas, even in well-groomed animals again and again.

It is important to be careful when choosing a remedy. It is important that you go to the vet as soon as possible with a kitten who often has scratchy or sore skin. Because these parasites can weaken a young animal. Equally important is that you only use parasiticides on the animal and in the home that the vet gives you or explicitly recommends. Because many anti-parasitics (also herbal!) Are highly toxic to cats. What else can you do? Take the pranks and mistakes of your protege with humor. Be patient if he needs a little time to get used to you, the new environment and the new rules. Do not expect too much affection from your cat's child in the beginning -but give him all the love you have.

Castration

Castration removes the cat's ovaries or the cat's testicles. The castration not only prevents the reproduction of the animals, it also prevents disturbing behavior, such as the urine marking of the cat, before. In a sterilization, however, only egg or vas deferens are severed. Also, this intervention makes the animals infertile, but it has no effect on the behavior of the cats. Only when cat and cat are castrated before sexual maturity, the development of annoying patterns of behavior can be prevented. Sexual maturity usually occurs at the age of seven to nine months.

It is also possible to perform surgery on puppies at the age of only a few weeks. This very early castration should be just as easy as an intervention in a six month old cat. Especially with stray cats, this is certainly also a useful method to effectively prevent unwanted offspring and the overcrowding of animal shelters. For animals that are in the care of man, you should seek advice from the veterinarian about the best time. (Barbara Welsch, veterinarian)
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Who meets with the dog on cows or herding dogs, should observe a few rules of conduct. The encounter can quickly get out of hand and the excursion in the mountains can be dangerous.

When the dog meets the cow

It's scary news like these, which still sound in the ears: In July 2014, a woman was hitchhiked to death by a herd of cows while hiking in the Stubai Valley, and in 2015 a tourist from Berlin was fatally injured while walking in Switzerland by grazing cattle. What both cases have in common? Both women had one or more dog ad: To the best dog products on OTTO.de

What makes dogs so threatening for cattle?

In the spring, the cows get their offspring and are therefore particularly concerned about the safety of their little ones. A dog is behaving in the same manner as a predator, posing a threat to the herd and especially to the young, both to the suckler cows and to the bulls. In addition, cows can not see very well at a distance and are more responsive to movement. If in doubt, they go so first in the direction of the potential threat. This is an impulsive behavior in suckler cows, the so-called protective instinct.

The three types of cattle herds

First of all, you should only be on signposted paths. Again, it may happen that the trail leads over an alpine pasture where cattle graze. That's why you should take a closer look at the herd. There are three types of cattle herds:

1. the suckler herd consisting of the dams and their calves. The kittens are curious, but with the moms is not to be joked. And if there are still bulls, you should be extra careful.

2. the herd of young animals. She is naturally curious and cocky. There may be uncontrolled movements during contact.

3. The cow herd, which consists of female terns, which are milked regularly. These cows are used to human contact, but of course, cattle are also individuals that react to the different situations in very different ways.

That's why you should not get too close to grazing animals and above all do not feed the calves.Display: Do not stroke the best dog products on OTTO.de [powered by kontextR] by any means. This can lead to misunderstandings and become unpleasant not only for you, but also for the hikers who come after you.

The threatening behavior of cattle

Unconditional caution is advised when the cattle start to fix you and your dog and raise and lower the head. The animals go to their knees and snort loudly. So they try to smell more intense, because they see relatively bad. Individual cattle then usually take slow steps in their direction, before they start running.

This is how you behave properly

Take your dog indicator: Leash directly for purchase on Amazon and take it to the side facing away from the cattle. Go calm and determined past the cattle, but please do not run!

Whether you wear a red T-shirt or the dog a red cloth, the animals do not care. That the color makes red cattle aggressive is a myth! The animals are more likely to respond to fast movements, so they are more likely to lure them with a lot of wave than to startle them.

Do not turn your back on free-roaming cattle, always keep an eye on them. But do not look straight in the eyes. If the behavior then turns into aggression, you are the best off your dog, difficult as it is! He is faster without you and can evade attacks much better than you. The attention of the cattle is then directed to the dog and you can leave the danger area calmly and quickly.

For the ultimate emergency

Only in an absolute emergency do you give the cattle a targeted blow on the nose with a stick. But only if there is no other possibility. Again, do not run! Slowly and steadily leave the danger area and do not turn your back on the animals.

Not only free-roaming cattle pose a potential danger to you and your dog, even to herd-guard dogs, who take their job very seriously, and that is just the defense against strangers. In Switzerland alone around 200 herd guards provide their service in the summer months.

Preferably Maremmanos or Pyrenean mountain dogs are trained for this demanding job. They have to act on their own, but they are usually well socialized enough to respond to hikers as well as to their peers. However, there are a few rules of the game that you should keep in mind when you meet a herd dog.

Behavior Knigge

If you enter open pasture area, slow down your pace and talk quietly a little louder, so you do not surprise the dogs. Be sure to keep calm even if the herdsman barks at you first. Keep your own dog on a leash and deal with the flock over a wide area.

Avoid looking the excited guard dog directly in the eye. If all else fails, shield yourself with a stick that you tilt diagonally down towards the attacking dog. Please do not raise the stick, wring it around or scream around. This provokes the dogs only. Better go backwards to make a clear signal that you are withdrawing.

If you follow these tips, nothing stands in the way of a successful hiking adventure with a dog and harmonious animal encounters.
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Stand-up paddling with dog display: Among the best dog products on OTTO.de  humans and four-legged friends stand together on a wobbly board in the water. Balance is the key here. Dog trainer Anja Jakob explains step by step how to prepare.

Instructions for getting started with standup paddling with a dog

The SUP board ride (or Standup Paddling) is becoming more popular ... and it also makes dog display: Direct to buy on Amazon animal fun. The following tips will help you make it a pleasure for your dog as well, and you will not end up either unexpectedly or too suddenly in the cool water.

How do you best start with the SUP board?

Here is a step-by-step guide for you:

Step 1 - Slowly get the dog used to the board

First of all, you should carefully get your dog used to the SUP board. It's best to put a wet towel or a rubber mat over the board so that your dog has a good grip and does not scratch the board immediately should he get stressed and want to get down quickly. At first you should stay beside the board yourself and try to keep it as stable as possible. A second person may be helpful in stabilizing the board while you take care of your dog.

Step 2 - Familiarize yourself with the board

Next, you should first familiarize yourself alone with the SUP board. Sit on the baord or kneel down and start the first paddling. It's not that easy to keep the board on course. If you feel safer, you can try to get up slowly the first time. Make sure your feet are centered on the board. Without a dog this is best to the right and left of the handle. With the dog in front of you on the board, your optimal position is a bit further back, so that the board lies optimally in the water.

Step 3 - Building confidence in your dog and training balance.

Do you feel ready to try it with your dog? Then start sitting again. And give your dog the opportunity to find his balance in peace and to feel more and more confident on the board. You could, for example, practice giving the paw. Or ask your dog from the seat into the place.

TIP: Practice with your dog that he must stay calm on the board until you give him a signal that he can jump down. Because if your dog makes it unprepared for you later, you will go swimming with it!

Step 4 - Then start paddling with your dog

If both of you and your dog feel safe, start paddling ... sitting or kneeling again. Because in motion it is something else for your dog. He also has to get used to the fact that you have to guide the paddle over his head to the other side.

Step 5 ... then it works very soon standing up

Then comes the big balance and confidence test ... on both sides! Does it work even while standing? EXCELLENT! For safety reasons, stay close to the shore in case you should go swimming involuntarily. If you plan to travel far away from the shore and in very cool waters, then it is advisable to buy a life jacket for your dog. With the handle on the back you can help him back on the board much better.


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Unfortunately, surgery is not uncommon in dogs and can cost keepers enormous costs. Whether cruciate ligament rupture, tumors or stomach rotation: Four-digit veterinary bills come about quickly. In the event of accidents and complicated emergency operations, the financial outlay, including follow-up care and therapy, can even amount to 10,000 euros or more. In order to protect themselves from the existence-threatening sums, dog owners are well-advised with an operating theater insurance. Which interventions are particularly often required and what to look for in the policy selection, you will learn in this post.

Tumors and tooth extraction

Tumors are very common in dogs and removal is the most common cause of surgery. The majority of sufferers suffer from skin tumors. "20 - 30% of all skin tumors of the dog are malignant," it says at tierklinik-hofheim.de. To be able to heal the animals, early action is essential, which is why dog ​​owners should regularly check the skin of their protégés. Tumors are often detectable on the udder and lid margin as well. In a tumor surgery must be expected at around 400 euros. In severe cases, however, the costs easily exceed the 1,000 euro mark. Even pulling a tooth is one of the typical operations in the dog. At least 200 euros are incurred. The cause of the tooth extraction may be inflammation of the root canal, damaged tooth roots or deciduous teeth that will not fail. The regular feeding of special chews for dental care or the manual cleaning of the teeth are used for prevention. When choosing dental care treats, make sure that no sugar is included. Although this should be self-evident, sugar-containing articles are commercially available.

Cruciate ligament tear and joint operations

If a dog suffers from severe pain and lameness, the likelihood that the cruciate ligament is torn is high. In older dogs, the tendon at the knee tears more often because the arthrosis increases the risk of tears. But even young animals can negotiate a cruciate ligament tear in the wild romp or a stupid movement in the race. Whether surgery actually needs to be decided by the veterinarian after the examination. "Surgical treatments are subdivided into surgical techniques intended to replace the diseased ligament and those that help by cutting the tibia and reorienting the forces acting on the knee joint," explains kleintierklinik-menzel.de. In some cases, there is only a tear of the tendon, which can be cured by severely restricting the patient's freedom of movement. In an operation, costs from 1,500 euros are common. An operation of the joints may be required due to a hip bone or elbow dysplasia and beats with costs from 1,000 euros to book.

Peritoneal OP

The stomach rotation is the nightmare of every dog ​​owner. After all, it is an acute emergency, which can be fatal if a veterinarian does not intervene on time. An emergency operation is usually the only salvation. 1,200 euros and more can cost such an intervention. To prevent, dogs must always rest after eating. So that the dangerous stomach rotation does not happen at night, when the owners sleep and the complaints of their four-legged friend go unnoticed, the last feeding should take place as early as possible in the evening. How a stomach rotation can be seen, explains veterinarian Stefanie Essing in the video:

Amputations and fractures

In road accidents, bone fractures like to occur, but also amputation can be the result if limbs were seriously injured. At the same time, illness or unfortunate events when playing with other dogs can trigger fractures and amputations. The treatment costs start in many places between 600 and 1,500 euros.

If it comes to a traffic accident, the emergency medical first aid is crucial. On the website erste-hilfe-beim-hund.de you can read how you behave correctly. What is important in the care of dogs after surgery, we have thematized here.

Surgical insurances - that's what owners should know

As the name suggests, provides an operating insurance exclusively for operations. Vaccination or similar veterinary services are not covered by the insurance. "In general, castration and sterilization are excluded from the reimbursement. Pre-existing conditions are also excluded, which can lead to a later operation, "it says at hundeopversicherung-test.de. The website compares and rates current rates for dog OP insurance. The test winner here is the Agila, which is favored by many veterinarians due to the uncomplicated handling. Also excluded from many insurers are hereditary diseases and breed-specific complaints. The following list highlights key issues that potential policyholders should clarify before concluding a contract:

* Where is the maximum performance limit?

* What rate of charge is used for the refund?

* Is the follow-up including clinic stay, medication and bandages taken over?

* Is a deductible provided?

* Is there a wait?

* Is the insurance cover abroad?

* What does the insurance cost monthly?

* Are age limits set?

Some insurers require a preliminary investigation. Again, this is a contractual element that needs to be examined. When such a policy is worthwhile, you can take our guide to the subject of dog surgery and health insurance.
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